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In Structured Illumination Microscopy high frequency information that is out of the bandwidth of the diffraction-limited microscope optics is shifted into the bandwidth by convolution with a known frequency; normally a grid pattern projected using a diffraction grating is or spatial light modulator. The grating pattern must be shifted laterally and rotated in order to sample high frequencies in all orientations, which means 15 to 25 images must be taken to make one super-resolution image.
Its ability to access higher frequencies means SIM breaks the diffraction limit and doubles the resolution of light microscopy. However, SIM is slower than either iSIM or Airyscan and it is not confocal, so is not ideal for thick specimens with lots of out of focus light. For SIM at the LMCB, use the Carl Zeiss Elyra PS.1.