Reference
Russel, D. Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a Measure of Loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42, 290-294. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11
List of questions
| Question number | Question | Original 20-item version | CLS 4-item version |
| 1 | I am unhappy doing so many things alone. | ✓ | |
| 2 | I have nobody to talk to. | ✓ | |
| 3 | I cannot tolerate being so alone. | ✓ | |
| 4 | I lack companionship. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 5 | I feel as if nobody really understands me. | ✓ | |
| 6 | I find myself waiting for people to call or write. | ✓ | |
| 7 | There is no one I can turn to. | ✓ | |
| 8 | I am no longer close to anyone. | ✓ | |
| 9 | My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me. | ✓ | |
| 10 | I feel left out. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 11 | I feel completely alone. | ✓ | |
| 12 | I am unable to reach out and communicate with those around me. | ✓ | |
| 13 | My social relationships are superficial. | ✓ | |
| 14 | I feel starved for company. | ✓ | |
| 15 | No one really knows me well. | ✓ | |
| 16 | I feel isolated from others. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 17 | I am unhappy being so withdrawn. | ✓ | |
| 18 | It is difficult for me to make friends. | ✓ | |
| 19 | I feel shut out and excluded by others. | ✓ | |
| 20 | People are around me but not with me. | ✓ | |
| Items which are not included in the original version | |||
| 21 | How often do you feel lonely? | ✓ | |