Formerly known as Parenting Practices Questionnaire
Reference
Robinson, C. C., Mandeco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological Reports, 77, 819-830. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819
List of questions
| Question number | Question item | Original 62-item version | 32-item version |
| 1 | [He encourages][I encourage] our child to talk about the child's troubles. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 2 | [He guides][I guide] our child by punishment more than by reason. | ✓ | |
| 3 | [He knows][I know] the names of our child's friends. | ✓ | |
| 4 | [He fids][I find] it difficult to discipline our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 5 | [He gives praise][I give praise] when our child is good. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 6 | [He spanks][I spank] when our child is disobedient. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 7 | [He jokes and plays][I joke and play] with our child. | ✓ | |
| 8 | [He withholds][I withhold] scolding and/or criticism even when our child acts contrary to our wishes. | ✓ | |
| 9 | [He shows][I show] sympathy when our child is hurt or frustrated. | ✓ | |
| 10 | [He punishes][I punish] by taking privileges away from our child with Iittle if any explanation. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 11 | [He spoils][I spoil] our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 12 | [He gives][I give] comfort and understanding when our child is upset. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 13 | [He yells or shouts][I yell or shout] when our child misbehaves. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 14 | [He is][I am] easy going and relaxed with our child. | ✓ | |
| 15 | [He allows][I allow] our child to annoy someone else. | ✓ | |
| 16 | [He tells][I tell] our child our expectations regarding behavior before the child engages in an activity. | ✓ | |
| 17 | [He scolds and criticizes][ I scold and criticize] to make our child improve. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 18 | [He shows][I show] patience with our child. | ✓ | |
| 19 | [He grabs][I grab] our child when being disobedient. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 20 | [He states][I state] punishments to our child and does not actually do them. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 21 | [He is][I am] responsive to our child's feelings or needs. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 22 | [He allows][I allow] our child to give input into family rules. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 23 | [He argues][I argue] with our child. | ✓ | |
| 24 | [He appears][I appear] confident about parenting abilities. | ✓ | |
| 25 | [He gives][I give] our child reasons why rules should be obeyed. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 26 | [He appears][I appear] to be more concerned with own feelings than with our child's feelings. | ✓ | |
| 27 | [He tells][I tell] our child that we appreciate what the child tries or accomplishes. | ✓ | |
| 28 | [He punishes][I punish] by putting our child off somewhere alone with little if any explanation. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 29 | [He helps][I help] our child to understand the impact of behavior by encouraging our child to talk about the consequences of own actions. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 30 | [He is][I am] afraid that disciplining our child for misbehavior will cause the child to not like his/her parents. | ✓ | |
| 31 | [He takes][I take] our child's desires into account before asking the child to do something. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 32 | [He explodes][I explode] in anger towards our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 33 | [He is][I am] aware of problems or concerns about our child in school. | ✓ | |
| 34 | [He threatens][I threaten] our child with punishment more often than actually giving it. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 35 | [He expresses][I express] affection by hugging, kissing, and holding our child. | ✓ | |
| 36 | [He ignores][I ignore] our child's misbehaviour. | ✓ | |
| 37 | [He uses][I use] physical punishment as a way of disciplining our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 38 | [He carries][I carry] out discipline after our child misbehaves. | ✓ | |
| 39 | [He apologizes][I apologize] to our child when making a mistake in parenting | ✓ | |
| 40 | [He tells][I tell] our child what to do. | ✓ | |
| 41 | [He gives][I give] into our child when the child causes a commotion about something. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 42 | [He talks it over and reasons][I talk it over and reason] with our child when the child misbehaves. | ✓ | |
| 43 | [He slaps][I slap] our child when the child misbehaves. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 44 | [He disagrees][I disagree] with our child. | ✓ | |
| 45 | [He allows][I allow] our child to interrupt others. | ✓ | |
| 46 | [He has][I have] warm and intimate times together with our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 47 | When two children are fighting, [he disciplines][I discipline] the children first and asks questions later. | ✓ | |
| 48 | [He encourages][I encourage] our child to freely express (himself)(herself) even when disagreeing with parents. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 49 | [He bribes][I bribe] our child with rewards to bring about compliance. | ✓ | |
| 50 | [He scolds or criticizes][I scold or criticize] when our child's behavior doesn't meet our expectations. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 51 | [He shows][I show] respect for our child's opinions by encouraging our child to express them. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 52 | [He sets][I set] strict well-established rules for our child. | ✓ | |
| 53 | [He explains][I explain] to our child how we feel about the child's good and bad behavior. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 54 | [He uses][I use] threats as punishment with little or no justification. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 55 | [He takes][I take] into account our child's preferences in making plans for the family. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 56 | When our child asks why (he)(she) has to conform, [he states][I state]: because I said so, or I am your parent and I want you to. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 57 | [He appears][I appear] unsure on how to solve our child's misbehavior. | ✓ | |
| 58 | [He explains][I explain] the consequences of the child's behavior. | ✓ | ✓ |
| 59 | [He demands][I demand] that our child does/do things. | ✓ | |
| 60 | [He channels][I channel] our child's misbehavior into a more acceptable activity. | ✓ | |
| 61 | [He shoves][I shove] our child when the child is disobedient. | ✓ | |
| 62 | [He emphasizes][I emphasize] the reasons for rules. | ✓ | ✓ |
Use of this scale in CLOSER Discovery study questionnaires and datasets
| Version | Study | Year | Questionnaire | Dataset |
| 32-item version | SWS | 2004 | 4 Year Child Questionnaire | |
| 32-item version | USoc | 2011-2012 | Wave 3 Questionnaire | Wave 3 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
| 32-item version | USoc | 2012-2013 | Wave 4 Questionnaire | Wave 4 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
| 32-item version | USoc | 2013-2014 | Wave 5 Questionnaire | Wave 5 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
| 32-item version | USoc | 2014-2015 | Wave 6 Questionnaire | Wave 6 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
| 32-item version | USoc | 2015-2016 | Wave 7 Questionnaire | Wave 7 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
| 32-item version | USoc | - | Wave 8 Questionnaire | - |
| 32-item version | USoc | - | Wave 9 Questionnaire | - |
| 32-item version | USoc | - | Wave 10 Questionnaire | - |
| 32-item version | USoc | - | Wave 11 Questionnaire | - |
| 32-item version | USoc | - | Wave 12 Questionnaire | - |