Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire

Owned by Claudia Alioto
Last updated: Nov 27, 2024

Formerly known as  Parenting Practices Questionnaire

Reference

Robinson, C. C., Mandeco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological Reports, 77, 819-830. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819

List of questions

Question numberQuestion itemOriginal 62-item version32-item version
1[He encourages][I encourage] our child to talk about the child's troubles.✓✓
2[He guides][I guide] our child by punishment more than by reason. âœ“
3[He knows][I know] the names of our child's friends.✓
4[He fids][I find] it  difficult to discipline our child.✓✓
5[He gives praise][I give praise] when our child is good.✓✓
6[He spanks][I spank] when our child is disobedient.✓✓
7[He jokes and plays][I joke and play] with our child.✓
8[He withholds][I withhold] scolding and/or criticism even  when our child acts contrary to our wishes.✓
9[He shows][I show] sympathy when our child is hurt or frustrated.✓
10[He punishes][I punish] by taking privileges away from our child  with little if any explanation.✓✓
11[He spoils][I spoil] our child.✓✓
12[He gives][I give] comfort  and understanding when our child is upset.✓✓
13[He yells or shouts][I yell or shout] when our child misbehaves.✓✓
14[He is][I am] easy going and relaxed with our child.✓
15[He allows][I allow] our child to annoy someone else.✓
16[He tells][I tell] our child our expectations regarding behavior before the child engages in an activity.✓
17[He scolds and criticizes][ I scold and criticize] to make our child improve.✓✓
18[He shows][I show] patience with our child.✓
19[He grabs][I grab] our child when being disobedient.✓✓
20[He states][I state] punishments to our child and does not actually do them.✓✓
21[He is][I am] responsive to our child's feelings or needs.✓✓
22[He allows][I allow] our child to give input into family rules.✓✓
23[He argues][I argue] with our child.✓
24[He appears][I appear] confident about parenting abilities.✓
25[He gives][I give] our child reasons why rules should be obeyed.✓✓
26[He appears][I appear] to be more concerned with own feelings than with our child's feelings.✓
27[He tells][I tell] our child that we appreciate what the child tries or accomplishes. âœ“
28[He punishes][I punish] by putting our child off somewhere alone with little if any explanation.✓✓
29[He helps][I help] our child to understand the  impact of behavior by encouraging our child to talk about the consequences of own actions.✓✓
30[He is][I am] afraid that disciplining our child for misbehavior will cause the child to not like his/her parents.✓
31[He takes][I take] our child's desires into account before asking the child to do something.✓✓
32[He explodes][I explode] in anger towards our child.✓✓
33[He is][I am] aware of problems or concerns about our child in school.✓
34[He threatens][I threaten] our child with punishment more often than actually giving it.✓✓
35[He expresses][I express] affection by hugging, kissing, and holding our child.✓
36[He ignores][I ignore] our child's misbehaviour.✓
37[He uses][I use] physical punishment as a way of disciplining our child.✓✓
38[He carries][I carry] out discipline after our child misbehaves.✓
39[He apologizes][I apologize] to our child when making a mistake in parenting✓
40[He tells][I tell] our child what to do.✓
41[He gives][I give] into our child when the child causes a commotion about something.✓✓
42[He talks it over and reasons][I talk it over and reason] with our child when the child misbehaves.✓
43[He slaps][I slap] our child when the child misbehaves.✓✓
44[He disagrees][I disagree] with our child.✓
45[He allows][I allow] our child to interrupt others.✓
46[He has][I have] warm and intimate times together with our child. âœ“✓
47When two children are fighting, [he disciplines][I discipline] the children first and asks questions later.✓
48[He encourages][I encourage] our child to freely express (himself)(herself) even when disagreeing with parents.✓✓
49[He bribes][I bribe] our child with rewards to bring about compliance.✓
50[He scolds or criticizes][I scold or criticize] when our child's behavior doesn't meet our expectations.✓✓
51[He shows][I show] respect for our child's opinions by encouraging our child to express them.✓✓
52[He sets][I set] strict well-established rules for our child.✓
53[He explains][I explain] to our child how we feel about  the child's good and bad behavior.✓✓
54[He uses][I use] threats as punishment with little or no justification.✓✓
55[He takes][I take] into account our child's preferences in making plans for the family.✓✓
56When our child  asks why (he)(she) has to conform, [he states][I state]: because I said so, or I am your parent and I want you to.✓✓
57[He appears][I appear] unsure on how to solve our child's misbehavior.✓
58[He explains][I explain] the consequences of the child's behavior.✓✓
59[He demands][I demand] that our child does/do things.✓
60[He channels][I channel] our child's misbehavior into a more acceptable activity.✓
61[He shoves][I shove] our child when the child is disobedient.✓
62[He emphasizes][I emphasize] the reasons for rules.✓✓

Use of this scale in CLOSER Discovery study questionnaires and datasets

VersionStudyYearQuestionnaireDataset
32-item versionSWS20044 Year Child Questionnaire4 Year Child Questionnaire Dataset
32-item versionUSoc2011-2012Wave 3 QuestionnaireWave 3 Details of parenting styles Dataset
32-item versionUSoc2012-2013Wave 4 QuestionnaireWave 4 Details of parenting styles Dataset
32-item versionUSoc2013-2014Wave 5 QuestionnaireWave 5 Details of parenting styles Dataset
32-item versionUSoc2014-2015Wave 6 QuestionnaireWave 6 Details of parenting styles Dataset
32-item versionUSoc2015-2016Wave 7 QuestionnaireWave 7 Details of parenting styles Dataset
32-item versionUSoc2016-2017Wave 8 QuestionnaireWave 8 Details of parenting styles Dataset
32-item versionUSoc2017-2018Wave 9 Questionnaire-
32-item versionUSoc2018-2020Wave 10 Questionnaire-
32-item versionUSoc2019-2021Wave 11 Questionnaire-
32-item versionUSoc2020-2022Wave 12 Questionnaire-