Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales (CES-D)

Radloff, L. S. (1997). The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/014662167700100306

Question number	Question	Original 20-item version
1	During the past week: I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me.	✓
2	During the past week: I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.	✓
3	During the past week: I felt that I could not shake off the blues with help from my family or friends.	✓
4	During the past week: I felt that I was just as good as other people.	✓
5	During the past week: I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.	✓
6	During the past week: I felt depressed.	✓
7	During the past week: I felt that everything I did was an effort.	✓
8	During the past week: I felt hopeful about the future.	✓
9	During the past week: I thought my life had been a failure.	✓
10	During the past week: I felt fearful.	✓
11	During the past week: My sleep was restless.	✓
12	During the past week: I was happy.	✓
13	During the past week: I talked less than usual.	✓
14	During the past week: I felt lonely.	✓
15	During the past week: People were unfriendly.	✓
16	During the past week: I enjoyed life.	✓
17	During the past week: I had crying spells.	✓
18	During the past week: I felt sad.	✓
19	During the past week: I felt that people dislike me.	✓
20	During the past week: I could not get "going".	✓