Parenting Practices Questionnaire
- Claudia Alioto
The Parenting Practices Questionnaire (Robinson et at., 1995), formerly known as Parenting Practices Questionnaire, is a 62-item scale designed to measure parenting style. Different versions of the scale have been created which include a subset of the original 62 items.
Reference
Robinson, C. C., Mandeco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological Reports, 77, 819-830. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819
List of questions
Question number | Question item | Original 62-item version | PSDQ1 |
1 | [He encourages][I encourage] our child to talk about the child's troubles. | ✓ | ✓ |
2 | [He guides][I guide] our child by punishment more than by reason. | ✓ |
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3 | [He knows][I know] the names of our child's friends. | ✓ |
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4 | [He fids][I find] it difficult to discipline our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
5 | [He gives praise][I give praise] when our child is good. | ✓ | ✓ |
6 | [He spanks][I spank] when our child is disobedient. | ✓ | ✓ |
7 | [He jokes and plays][I joke and play] with our child. | ✓ |
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8 | [He withholds][I withhold] scolding and/or criticism even when our child acts contrary to our wishes. | ✓ |
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9 | [He shows][I show] sympathy when our child is hurt or frustrated. | ✓ |
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10 | [He punishes][I punish] by taking privileges away from our child with little if any explanation. | ✓ | ✓ |
11 | [He spoils][I spoil] our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
12 | [He gives][I give] comfort and understanding when our child is upset. | ✓ | ✓ |
13 | [He yells or shouts][I yell or shout] when our child misbehaves. | ✓ | ✓ |
14 | [He is][I am] easy going and relaxed with our child. | ✓ |
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15 | [He allows][I allow] our child to annoy someone else. | ✓ |
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16 | [He tells][I tell] our child our expectations regarding behavior before the child engages in an activity. | ✓ |
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17 | [He scolds and criticizes][ I scold and criticize] to make our child improve. | ✓ | ✓ |
18 | [He shows][I show] patience with our child. | ✓ |
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19 | [He grabs][I grab] our child when being disobedient. | ✓ | ✓ |
20 | [He states][I state] punishments to our child and does not actually do them. | ✓ | ✓ |
21 | [He is][I am] responsive to our child's feelings or needs. | ✓ | ✓ |
22 | [He allows][I allow] our child to give input into family rules. | ✓ | ✓ |
23 | [He argues][I argue] with our child. | ✓ |
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24 | [He appears][I appear] confident about parenting abilities. | ✓ |
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25 | [He gives][I give] our child reasons why rules should be obeyed. | ✓ | ✓ |
26 | [He appears][I appear] to be more concerned with own feelings than with our child's feelings. | ✓ |
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27 | [He tells][I tell] our child that we appreciate what the child tries or accomplishes. | ✓ |
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28 | [He punishes][I punish] by putting our child off somewhere alone with little if any explanation. | ✓ | ✓ |
29 | [He helps][I help] our child to understand the impact of behavior by encouraging our child to talk about the consequences of own actions. | ✓ | ✓ |
30 | [He is][I am] afraid that disciplining our child for misbehavior will cause the child to not like his/her parents. | ✓ |
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31 | [He takes][I take] our child's desires into account before asking the child to do something. | ✓ | ✓ |
32 | [He explodes][I explode] in anger towards our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
33 | [He is][I am] aware of problems or concerns about our child in school. | ✓ |
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34 | [He threatens][I threaten] our child with punishment more often than actually giving it. | ✓ | ✓ |
35 | [He expresses][I express] affection by hugging, kissing, and holding our child. | ✓ |
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36 | [He ignores][I ignore] our child's misbehaviour. | ✓ |
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37 | [He uses][I use] physical punishment as a way of disciplining our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
38 | [He carries][I carry] out discipline after our child misbehaves. | ✓ |
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39 | [He apologizes][I apologize] to our child when making a mistake in parenting | ✓ |
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40 | [He tells][I tell] our child what to do. | ✓ |
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41 | [He gives][I give] into our child when the child causes a commotion about something. | ✓ | ✓ |
42 | [He talks it over and reasons][I talk it over and reason] with our child when the child misbehaves. | ✓ |
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43 | [He slaps][I slap] our child when the child misbehaves. | ✓ | ✓ |
44 | [He disagrees][I disagree] with our child. | ✓ |
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45 | [He allows][I allow] our child to interrupt others. | ✓ |
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46 | [He has][I have] warm and intimate times together with our child. | ✓ | ✓ |
47 | When two children are fighting, [he disciplines][I discipline] the children first and asks questions later. | ✓ |
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48 | [He encourages][I encourage] our child to freely express (himself)(herself) even when disagreeing with parents. | ✓ | ✓ |
49 | [He bribes][I bribe] our child with rewards to bring about compliance. | ✓ |
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50 | [He scolds or criticizes][I scold or criticize] when our child's behavior doesn't meet our expectations. | ✓ | ✓ |
51 | [He shows][I show] respect for our child's opinions by encouraging our child to express them. | ✓ | ✓ |
52 | [He sets][I set] strict well-established rules for our child. | ✓ |
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53 | [He explains][I explain] to our child how we feel about the child's good and bad behavior. | ✓ | ✓ |
54 | [He uses][I use] threats as punishment with little or no justification. | ✓ | ✓ |
55 | [He takes][I take] into account our child's preferences in making plans for the family. | ✓ | ✓ |
56 | When our child asks why (he)(she) has to conform, [he states][I state]: because I said so, or I am your parent and I want you to. | ✓ | ✓ |
57 | [He appears][I appear] unsure on how to solve our child's misbehavior. | ✓ |
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58 | [He explains][I explain] the consequences of the child's behavior. | ✓ | ✓ |
59 | [He demands][I demand] that our child does/do things. | ✓ |
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60 | [He channels][I channel] our child's misbehavior into a more acceptable activity. | ✓ |
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61 | [He shoves][I shove] our child when the child is disobedient. | ✓ |
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62 | [He emphasizes][I emphasize] the reasons for rules. | ✓ | ✓ |
1 Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (2001). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ). Handbook of family measurement techniques, 3, 319-321
Use of this scale in CLOSER Discovery study questionnaires and datasets
Version | Study | Year | Questionnaire | Dataset |
PSDQ | USoc | 2011-2012 | ||
PSDQ | USoc | 2012-2013 | ||
PSDQ | USoc | 2013-2014 | Wave 5 Questionnaire | |
PSDQ | USoc | 2014-2015 | Wave 6 Questionnaire | |
PSDQ | USoc | 2015-2016 | Wave 7 Questionnaire | |
PSDQ | USoc | 2016-2017 | Wave 8 Questionnaire | |
PSDQ | USoc | 2017-2018 | Wave 9 Questionnaire | Wave 9 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
PSDQ | USoc | 2018-2020 | Wave 10 Questionnaire | Wave 10 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
PSDQ | USoc | 2019-2021 | Wave 11 Questionnaire | Wave 11 Details of parenting styles Dataset |
PSDQ | USoc | 2020-2022 | Wave 12 Questionnaire | - |
PSDQ | USoc | 2021-2023 | Wave 13 Questionnaire | - |
PSDQ | USoc | 2022-2024 | Wave 14 Questionnaire | - |